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Pino Rauti
Giuseppe Umberto "Pino" Rauti (19 November 1926 – 2 November 2012) was an Italian politician who was a leading figure on the far-right for many years, although Rauti described himself as leftist and non-fascist. Involved in active politics since 1948, he was one of founders and, for many years, the leader of the Social Idea Movement.
==Early years==
Rauti was born in Cardinale, Calabria. As a youth Rauti volunteered for the Guardia Nazionale Repubblicana of the Italian Social Republic before briefly going into exile with the Spanish Foreign Legion. Rauti returned to Italy in 1946 and joined the Italian Social Movement (MSI) two years later.〔Roger Eatwell, ''Fascism - A History'', 2003, p. 255〕 He became a leading member of the party and also joined the New European Order initiative.〔Franco Ferraresi, ''Threats to Democracy - The Radical Right in Italy After the War'', 1996, p. 59〕 He became associated with Julius Evola and, along with Enzo Erra, served as editor of his journal ''Imperium''.〔Ferraresi, ''Threats to Democracy'', p. 210〕 Such was Rauti's support for Evola's philosophy that his own theoretical writings demonstrated so much of his mentor's influences as to be at times plagiarism.〔Ferraresi, ''Threats to Democracy'', p. 218〕
In 1954 he established his own group within the MSI based around the ''Imperium'' group, the Ordine Nuovo. However Rauti became disillusioned with the MSI, particularly after the party supported the presidency bid of Giovanni Gronchi and the premiership of Giuseppe Pella, and so his group split off at the 1956 party conference, with Rauti launching a tirade of abuse at the MSI leadership as he left.〔Ferraresi, ''Threats to Democracy'', pp. 52-3〕
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